Modern Japanese History 2 Modern Japanese History 2

【授業の目標 / Course Objectives】

This course provides an overview of the transnational humanitarian histories of modern and contemporary Japan in the Asia-Pacific within both local and global contexts. It focuses on the history of the Japanese Red Cross movement and covers topics in Japanese history from the end of Tokugawa Shogunate to the present day. It first explores the economic, cultural, and political interactions between the Asia-Pacific and the West in the framework of Japan as an axis and examines Japan’s modernisation and its impact, as well as the varying responses and reactions of East Asian countries to imperialism. Interactions with humanitarian movements in Japan accelerated the so-called ‘globalisation’ in Asia-Pacific, thereby altering the trajectory of the modern world.

The course provides an introduction to both the classic and recent historiography on contemporary Japan, and explores the post-industrial society of Japan as a case study of a country facing numerous challenges in the contemporary world. It explores what a sustainable society is by focusing on international humanitarianism, security, ageing society, energy policy, disaster preparedness, the crisis of capitalism, gender, and digital technology. This course focuses on humanitarian crises in Japan brought about by modernisation and wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and by post-industrial challenges of the twenty-first century. Doing so will enable students to understand the pros and cons of modernity – its progress and retreat within the context of global history.

【授業の内容 / Course Contents】

Our work begins with close reading of the assigned texts and the textbook. Lectures are designed to supplement the required readings; seminar-style discussions will allow students to clarify questions raised in class, discuss assigned reading, and prepare for assignments. Each class is designed to introduce students to the intellectual tools necessary for historical inquiry. Participants are expected to engage in small-group discussions that are structured to elicit questions about each session’s reading assignment. While learning the facts of Japanese and East Asian history, students will be required to engage in critical reading of primary and secondary sources to develop analytical thinking and writing skills, and to learn the use of electronic and print-based research tools. Class presentations and essays provide an opportunity to synthesize material in preparation for the studies, which may draw on any and all required reading, class lectures, and seminar discussions. Ultimately, the aim of this course is to develop students’ interests in the history of Japan and East Asia and to equip participants to fulfil their potential. Training critical readers of texts will be one of the most important purposes of this course.

【授業計画 / Course Schedule】

【活用される授業方法 / Teaching Methods Used】

板書 /Writing on the Board
スライド（パワーポイント等）の使用 /Slides (PowerPoint, etc.)
上記以外の視聴覚教材の使用 /Audiovisual Materials Other than Those Listed Above
個人発表 /Individual Presentations
グループ発表 /Group Presentations
ディスカッション・ディベート /Discussion/Debate
実技・実習・実験 /Practicum/Experiments/Practical Training
学内の教室外施設の利用 /Use of On-Campus Facilities Outside the Classroom
校外実習・フィールドワーク /Field Work
上記いずれも用いない予定 /None of the above

【授業時間外（予習・復習等）の学修 / Study Required Outside of Class】

1.Introduction to the Course
In this lecture, students will be introduced to the course.

Recommended Reading:
Carr. E. H. What is History? London: Penguin Classic, 2018.
Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Suzuki, Michiko. Humanitarian Internationalism Under Empire: The Global Evolution of the Japanese Red Cross Movement, 1877-1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2024.

2.Meiji Restoration
In this lecture, we will scrutinise the Meiji Restoration from the perspective of politics, economy, society and culture.

Required Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. The Samurai Revolution. In Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.61-76.

Recommended Reading:
Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. London: Belknap Press, 2002.
Cluck, Carol. Japan’s Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.

3.Industrialisation and Women in Modern Japan
In this lecture, we will explore the lives of women in urban environments (modern girls: moga).

Required Reading:
Hunter, Janet. Gendering the Labor Market: Evidence from the Interwar Textile Industry. In Molony, Barbara, and Uno Kathleen S. In Molony, Barbara, and Uno Kathleen S. Gendering Modern Japanese History. London: Harvard University Press, 2005, p.359-392.

Recommended reading:
Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

4.Great Kantō Earthquake, 1923
In this lecture, we will explore the rise of Japan’s internationalism, with a particular focus on the foundation of the League of Red Cross Society of 1919 and humanitarian relief activities during the aftermath of the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923.

Required Reading:
Haag, Andre. “Coming to Terms with a Colonial Panic attack: Or, How to Remember the 1923 Kantō Korean Massacres as Chōsenjin Sawagi.” The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 8, No. 6 (30 August 2023): 1-12.

Recommended reading:

Kato, Shuichi. “Taishō Democracy as the Pre-Stage for Japanese Militarism.” In Japan in Crisis: Essays on Taisho Democracy, edited by Harootunian, Harry and Silberman, Bernard S., 217-36. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 1999.
Suzuki, Michiko. Humanitarian Internationalism Under Empire: The Global Evolution of the Japanese Red Cross Movement, 1877-1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2024.

5.Interwar Japan
In this lecture, we will explore the rise of Japan’s internationalism, with particular focus on the role of the Fifteenth International Red Cross Conference of 1934 in Tokyo.

Required Reading:
Abel, Jessamyn R. Cultural Diplomacy for Peace and War: The Turns of the Kokusai Bunka Shinkōkai. In Abel, Jessamyn R. The International Minimum: Creativity and Contradiction in Japan’s Global Engagement, 1933-1964. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2015, p.81-107.

Recommended Reading:
Abel, Jessamyn R. The International Minimum: Creativity and Contradiction in Japan’s Global Engagement, 1933-1964. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2015.

Suzuki, Michiko. Humanitarian Internationalism Under Empire: The Global Evolution of the Japanese Red Cross Movement, 1877-1945. Columbia University Press, New York, 2024.

6.Imperialism and Colonialism
In this lecture, we will scrutiny the similarity and difference among Imperial Japan’s colonial movement in Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, Karafuto, South Seas Mandate and South East Asia.

Required Reading:
Peattie. Mark R. The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945. In Duus, Peter., ed. The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 6, The Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.217-270.

Recommended Reading:
Beasley, William G. Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945. London: Clarendon Press, 1987.
Chatani, Sayaka. Nation-Empire: Ideology and Rural Youth Mobilization in Japan and its Colonies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018.
Caprio, Mark E. Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, 1910- 1945. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2009.
Hofmann, Reto. The Fascist Effect: Japan and Italy, 1915-1952. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2015.
Duara, Prasenjit. Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern. Lanham, Boulder, New York & Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003.
Dudden, Alexis. Japan’s Colonization of Korea: Discourse and Power. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005.
Lincicome, Mark. Imperial Subjects as Global Citizens: Nationalism, Internationalism, and Education in Japan. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2009.
Young, Louise. Japan’s Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press, 1998.

7.Total War and Co-Prosperity Sphere
In this lecture, we will survey the rise of militarism, with particular focus on the role of the Japanese Red Cross during the Second World War.

Required Reading:
Beasley, William G. The Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. In Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945. London: Clarendon Press, 1987, p.233-250.

Suzuki, Michiko. The Japanese Red Cross Society and World War II: Civilian Casualties, Internees, and Prisoners of War. In Suzuki, Michiko. Humanitarian Internationalism Under Empire: The Global Evolution of the Japanese Red Cross Movement, 1877-1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2024, 108-136.

Recommended Reading:
Dower, John W. War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1986.
Ienaga Saburo. The Pacific War 1931-1945: A Critical Perspective of Japan’s Role in World War II By a Leading Japanese Scholar. New York: Presidio Press, 2012.

8.Nuclear Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
In this lecture, we will explore Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic bombing as global humanitarian crises, with particular focus on the humanitarian relief activities by the Japanese Red Cross Society.

Required Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. Japan in Watime. In Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.209-231.

Suzuki, Michiko. Nuclear Emergency: Japanese Red Cross Society Nurses in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945. In Suzuki, Michiko. Humanitarian Internationalism Under Empire: The Global Evolution of the Japanese Red Cross Movement, 1877-1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2024, 137-164.

Recommended Reading:
Suzuki, Michiko. “The Japanese Red Cross Society’s Emergency Responses in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945.” Social Science Japan Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2 (2021): 347-367. OP: https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyab026
Harrison, Harietta. “Popular Responses to the Atomic Bomb in China 1945-1966.” Past & Present, Vol. 218, Issue suppl_8 (1 January 2013): 98-116.
Hein, Laura E., and Selden Mark, eds. Living with Bomb: American and Japanese Cultural Conflicts in the Nuclear Age. London: M. E. Sharpe, 1997.

9.The Allied Occupation
In this lecture, we will explore the legacy of war and the birth of post-war Japanese democracy.

Required Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. Occupied Japan: New Departure and Durable Structures. In Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.232-251.

Recommended Reading:
Duara, Prasenjit. “The Legacy of Empires and Nations in East Asia.” In China Inside Out, edited by Nyíri, Pál and Breidenbach, Joana, 35-54. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2005.
Schonberger, Howard B. Aftermath of War: Americans and the Remaking of Japan, 1945-1952. London: The Kent State University Press, 1989.
Takemae, Eiji. The Allied Occupation of Japan. London: Continuum, 2002.

10.The Cold War International Relations
In this lecture, we will explore the renewal of the Japan-US security treaty, student protests and Japan’s complicated international relations with China.

Required Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. Political Struggles and Settlements of the High-Growth Era. In Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.278-300.

Recommended Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. Postwar Japan as History. London: University of California Press, 1993.
Iokibe, Makoto. The Diplomatic History of Postwar Japan. London: Routledge, 2011.
Kapur, Nick. Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2018.

11.Economic Miracle
In this lecture, we will focus on Japan’s economic miracle and its influence on the global economy.

Required Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. Global Power in a Polarized World Japan in the 1980s. In Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.301-321.

Recommended Reading:
Gordon, Andrew. Postwar Japan as History. London: University of California Press, 1993.
McCormack, Gavan. The Emptiness of Japanese Affluence: Revised Edition. New York and London: An East Gate Book, 2001.

12.Post-industrial Japan and Contemporary Japan’s Humanitarian Crises
In this lecture, we will explore the lost decades and a number of contemporary Japan’s pressing issues, such as international security, ageing society, energy policy, disaster preparedness, the crisis of capitalism, gender, and AI. We will also look at several contemporary Japanese humanitarian crises caused by the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, the Tokyo subway sarin gas attack of 1995, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the Fukushima nuclear crisis. We will discuss Japan’s possible international role as a humanitarian state.

Required Reading:
George Timothy S. and Gerteis Christopher. “Beyond the Bubble, Beyond Fukushima: Reconsidering the History of Postwar Japan.” Accessed November 5, 2018. https://apjjf.org/2014/12/8/Timothy-S.-George/4080/article.html

Recommended Reading:
Dusinberre Martin. Hard Times in the Hometown: A History of Community Survival in Modern Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2012.

【成績評価方法・基準 / Evaluation】

【テキスト / Textbooks】

【参考文献 / Readings】

【履修にあたって求められる能力 / Abilities Required to Take the Course】

【学生が準備すべき機器等 / Equipment, etc., that Students Should Prepare】

【その他 / Others】

You are expected to attend all lectures and seminars for the course. You should notify your lecturer or the Faculty Office in advance if you are unable to attend seminars for good reason. All absences are noted on your records.

【注意事項 / Notice】

・F科目上級（外国語による総合系科目）
・他に特別外国人学生が履修
・この授業は英語で実施する
・履修者はTOEIC®L&R 700点相当以上の英語力を有していることを前提に授業を実施する
・2016年度以降入学者：多彩な学び
・2015年度以前入学者：主題別A