日本語 English
| 開講年度/ Academic YearAcademic Year |
20242024 |
| 科目設置学部/ CollegeCollege |
文学部/College of ArtsCollege of Arts |
| 科目コード等/ Course CodeCourse Code |
AM207/AM207AM207 |
| テーマ・サブタイトル等/ Theme・SubtitleTheme・Subtitle |
Ecospirituality I: Snyder |
| 授業形態/ Class FormatClass Format |
対面（全回対面）/Face to face (all classes are face-to-face)Face to face (all classes are face-to-face) |
| 授業形態（補足事項）/ Class Format (Supplementary Items)Class Format (Supplementary Items) |
|
| 授業形式/ Class StyleCampus |
演習・ゼミ/SeminarSeminar |
| 校地/ CampusCampus |
池袋/IkebukuroIkebukuro |
| 学期/ SemesterSemester |
春学期/Spring SemesterSpring Semester |
| 曜日時限・教室/ DayPeriod・RoomDayPeriod・Room |
火4･6408/Tue.4･6408 Tue.4･6408 |
| 単位/ CreditCredit |
22 |
| 科目ナンバリング/ Course NumberCourse Number |
EAL3811 |
| 使用言語/ LanguageLanguage |
英語/EnglishEnglish |
| 履修登録方法/ Class Registration MethodClass Registration Method |
その他登録/"Other" Registration"Other" Registration |
| 配当年次/ Grade (Year) RequiredGrade (Year) Required |
配当年次は開講学部のR Guideに掲載している科目表で確認してください。配当年次は開講学部のR Guideに掲載している科目表で確認してください。 |
| 先修規定/ prerequisite regulationsprerequisite regulations |
|
| 他学部履修可否/ Acceptance of Other CollegesAcceptance of Other Colleges |
履修登録システムの『他学部・他研究科履修不許可科目一覧』で確認してください。 |
| 履修中止可否/ course cancellationcourse cancellation |
×（履修中止不可/ Not eligible for cancellation） |
| オンライン授業60単位制限対象科目/ Online Classes Subject to 60-Credit Upper LimitOnline Classes Subject to 60-Credit Upper Limit |
|
| 学位授与方針との関連/ Relationship with Degree PolicyRelationship with Degree Policy |
各授業科目は、学部・研究科の定める学位授与方針（DP）や教育課程編成の方針（CP）に基づき、カリキュラム上に配置されています。詳細はカリキュラム・マップで確認することができます。 |
| 備考/ NotesNotes |
|
| テキスト用コード/ Text CodeText Code |
AM207 |
This English literature course aims to help students develop their English abilities in the four core skills of listening, reading, speaking, and writing through a combination of various texts, media and in-class activities. Students enrolled in this course will have the opportunity to enhance their abilities to analyze a text of literature through close reading of the original text, the provision of supplementary notes, videos or audio to aid students in their reading and interpretation of the source text from various perspectives. This will facilitate their overall understanding of the fields of Beat literature as well as the growing field of Ecocriticism, and the course will also touch upon the legacy of the Transcendentalists upon the ‘Environmental’ poets of the Beat Generation and San Francisco Renaissance, including Gary Snyder, as well as Snyder's own influence and legacy upon the Environmental Movement as a whole.
To provide students with a better contextual background, some supplementary materials and information on contemporary Beat writers and poets, as well as Transcendentalist writers, will also be provided to help students better understand both past and contemporary influences on the work of Gary Snyder. In each semester, several writers will be introduced as a means of comparison against the writings of Gary Snyder himself (the same form of comparison will be conducted with Lew Welch’s work in the second semester), to help students deepen their understanding of certain aspects of Ecocriticism in relation to the Beat movement, as well as Snyder's interest in Asian literatures and other concerns. These writers include Joanne Kyger, Philip Whalen, Lew Welch, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Carlos Williams, W. B. Yeats, Ezra Pound, John Muir, Walt Whitman and others.
In terms of skills related to English ability and proficiency, students will have the opportunity to improve their English listening skills through the interpretations of the text provided by their teacher in class, and listening to recordings of Gary Snyder reading from his own poetry or prose, and giving short talks and lectures. This will be used not only as a listening-comprehension exercise but as a way to better appreciate the feel and sounds of poetry and literature as a whole.
Group discussions will be held in regular classes on questions directly related to the texts and given to students beforehand to prepare. Students will also have the opportunity to make a presentation in class (towards the end of the course) to help students improve their written proficiency (when writing their scripts for the presentation) and their spoken English proficiency (when they give the presentation in class in front of their peers). Students will give a presentation on one Beat or Transcendentalist or Modernist poet mentioned throughout the course. In English Seminar 7 in Semester 1, students can present on writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau or a contemporary poet and friend of Snyder’s such as Alan Watts, Philip Whalen or Michael McClure (and in Semester 2, in English Seminar 8, for those continuing on with Ecospirituality II (Welch), they will have the opportunity to present on writers such as Gertrude Stein, William Carlos Williams, W. B. Yeats, John Muir or the Chinese hermetic poet Tao Ch’ien, or Beat poets such as Gary Snyder, Philip Whalen, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Joanne Kyger and others.) Students will be expected to complete three written assignments. The first assignment will be based upon a famous prose work “Four Changes” from Snyder’s Pulitzer Prize-winning collection, Turtle Island, and the other two assignments will be based on one of the essays either included in the textbook, A Place in Space or from another classic Snyder prose work, The Practice of the Wild. Students will have a chance in each lesson to discuss their written assignments as well (in draft form), for which they can earn points towards their participation score. Assignment #4 will be held over two weeks towards the end of term, during which students will give a 3-minute presentation (on one of the writers mentioned above). Supplementary materials will be provided either in class or by email to help students complete ALL assignments. Some guidelines on how to complete these assignments will also be provided by the teacher, to help students improve their abilities in English written composition and expression.
Successful completion of this course should indicate an understanding of…
1. the historical background and contexts of the Beat Generation writers (with a particular focus upon the West Coast Beat scene) and the Transcendentalist writers;
2. the style, structure, aesthetics, aims and reception of Gary Snyder’s body of work, with a particular focus on his nature writings and essays seen through the prism of Ecocriticism (including the recent field of Blue Ecocriticism);
3. several ways of analyzing a text, through supplementary readings, slides and recordings provided in or after class.
4. a better background knowledge of Snyder’s life, times and ongoing legacy upon American letters as a whole (The collection of essays called Gary Snyder: Dimensions of a Life will be used extensively as a source and reference for generating background notes, details and commentary.)
This course also strives to help students develop the following skills…
1. the ability to interpret and discuss a text, based on its historical and cultural context and milieu;
2. the ability to inform an original text through the use of secondary sources;
3. the ability to interpret and understand the literary analysis of other critics and writers;
4. the ability to present an argument or summary of one’s opinion on a literary work both in writing and orally.
This course, predominantly conducted in English, will offer enrolled students the opportunity to read and discuss Gary Snyder’s essays and talks on nature, as collected in the volume A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics and Watersheds, an important collection of writings from Snyder which highlights many of the environmental concerns among certain writers of the Beat Generation, particularly those from the West Coast of the United States. We will also talk about some of the Beat writers (both from the East Coast such as Kerouac, Ginsberg, or Corso, as well as West Coast beats such as Welch, Whalen, Kyger, & McClure) and other scholars and friends (such as Alan Watts) who share something in common with Gary Snyder’s environmental activism and/or spirituality.
Most of the content of this course will be based upon Snyder’s, A Place in Space book, but at times the teacher will refer to essays from The Practice of the Wild, another excellent and important volume of prose by Gary Snyder. Finally, where possible, the teacher will use any audio files by or on the writer. The aim of sharing these materials is twofold: to enrich students’ knowledge of Gary Snyder, his writing, his perceptions of the world and the fields of environmental activism, bioregionalism and Ecocriticism; and to help them enjoy studying poetry and prose through audio materials, not just the written page. As Snyder comes across as an extremely eloquent and articulate scholar and authority on environmental-related matters, many of his comments from interviews (including those published in The Real Work will also be referred to throughout the course, to help supplement students’ understanding of key concepts.
※Please refer to Japanese Page for details including evaluations, textbooks and others.
This English literature course aims to help students develop their English abilities in the four core skills of listening, reading, speaking, and writing through a combination of various texts, media and in-class activities. Students enrolled in this course will have the opportunity to enhance their abilities to analyze a text of literature through close reading of the original text, the provision of supplementary notes, videos or audio to aid students in their reading and interpretation of the source text from various perspectives. This will facilitate their overall understanding of the fields of Beat literature as well as the growing field of Ecocriticism, and the course will also touch upon the legacy of the Transcendentalists upon the ‘Environmental’ poets of the Beat Generation and San Francisco Renaissance, including Gary Snyder, as well as Snyder's own influence and legacy upon the Environmental Movement as a whole.
To provide students with a better contextual background, some supplementary materials and information on contemporary Beat writers and poets, as well as Transcendentalist writers, will also be provided to help students better understand both past and contemporary influences on the work of Gary Snyder. In each semester, several writers will be introduced as a means of comparison against the writings of Gary Snyder himself (the same form of comparison will be conducted with Lew Welch’s work in the second semester), to help students deepen their understanding of certain aspects of Ecocriticism in relation to the Beat movement, as well as Snyder's interest in Asian literatures and other concerns. These writers include Joanne Kyger, Philip Whalen, Lew Welch, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Carlos Williams, W. B. Yeats, Ezra Pound, John Muir, Walt Whitman and others.
In terms of skills related to English ability and proficiency, students will have the opportunity to improve their English listening skills through the interpretations of the text provided by their teacher in class, and listening to recordings of Gary Snyder reading from his own poetry or prose, and giving short talks and lectures. This will be used not only as a listening-comprehension exercise but as a way to better appreciate the feel and sounds of poetry and literature as a whole.
Group discussions will be held in regular classes on questions directly related to the texts and given to students beforehand to prepare. Students will also have the opportunity to make a presentation in class (towards the end of the course) to help students improve their written proficiency (when writing their scripts for the presentation) and their spoken English proficiency (when they give the presentation in class in front of their peers). Students will give a presentation on one Beat or Transcendentalist or Modernist poet mentioned throughout the course. In English Seminar 7 in Semester 1, students can present on writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau or a contemporary poet and friend of Snyder’s such as Alan Watts, Philip Whalen or Michael McClure (and in Semester 2, in English Seminar 8, for those continuing on with Ecospirituality II (Welch), they will have the opportunity to present on writers such as Gertrude Stein, William Carlos Williams, W. B. Yeats, John Muir or the Chinese hermetic poet Tao Ch’ien, or Beat poets such as Gary Snyder, Philip Whalen, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Joanne Kyger and others.) Students will be expected to complete three written assignments. The first assignment will be based upon a famous prose work “Four Changes” from Snyder’s Pulitzer Prize-winning collection, Turtle Island, and the other two assignments will be based on one of the essays either included in the textbook, A Place in Space or from another classic Snyder prose work, The Practice of the Wild. Students will have a chance in each lesson to discuss their written assignments as well (in draft form), for which they can earn points towards their participation score. Assignment #4 will be held over two weeks towards the end of term, during which students will give a 3-minute presentation (on one of the writers mentioned above). Supplementary materials will be provided either in class or by email to help students complete ALL assignments. Some guidelines on how to complete these assignments will also be provided by the teacher, to help students improve their abilities in English written composition and expression.
Successful completion of this course should indicate an understanding of…
1. the historical background and contexts of the Beat Generation writers (with a particular focus upon the West Coast Beat scene) and the Transcendentalist writers;
2. the style, structure, aesthetics, aims and reception of Gary Snyder’s body of work, with a particular focus on his nature writings and essays seen through the prism of Ecocriticism (including the recent field of Blue Ecocriticism);
3. several ways of analyzing a text, through supplementary readings, slides and recordings provided in or after class.
4. a better background knowledge of Snyder’s life, times and ongoing legacy upon American letters as a whole (The collection of essays called Gary Snyder: Dimensions of a Life will be used extensively as a source and reference for generating background notes, details and commentary.)
This course also strives to help students develop the following skills…
1. the ability to interpret and discuss a text, based on its historical and cultural context and milieu;
2. the ability to inform an original text through the use of secondary sources;
3. the ability to interpret and understand the literary analysis of other critics and writers;
4. the ability to present an argument or summary of one’s opinion on a literary work both in writing and orally.
This course, predominantly conducted in English, will offer enrolled students the opportunity to read and discuss Gary Snyder’s essays and talks on nature, as collected in the volume A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics and Watersheds, an important collection of writings from Snyder which highlights many of the environmental concerns among certain writers of the Beat Generation, particularly those from the West Coast of the United States. We will also talk about some of the Beat writers (both from the East Coast such as Kerouac, Ginsberg, or Corso, as well as West Coast beats such as Welch, Whalen, Kyger, & McClure) and other scholars and friends (such as Alan Watts) who share something in common with Gary Snyder’s environmental activism and/or spirituality.
Most of the content of this course will be based upon Snyder’s, A Place in Space book, but at times the teacher will refer to essays from The Practice of the Wild, another excellent and important volume of prose by Gary Snyder. Finally, where possible, the teacher will use any audio files by or on the writer. The aim of sharing these materials is twofold: to enrich students’ knowledge of Gary Snyder, his writing, his perceptions of the world and the fields of environmental activism, bioregionalism and Ecocriticism; and to help them enjoy studying poetry and prose through audio materials, not just the written page. As Snyder comes across as an extremely eloquent and articulate scholar and authority on environmental-related matters, many of his comments from interviews (including those published in The Real Work will also be referred to throughout the course, to help supplement students’ understanding of key concepts.
| 1 | Lesson 1 – An Introduction to Beat literature, Ecocriticism & Gary Snyder In our first class for the course, Ecospirituality I (Snyder), we will begin by discussing the historical contexts and backgrounds of the Beat Generation (by focusing on 3 key essays on this literary mid-20th Century phenomenon by Snyder, Everson and Bartlett), with a particular focus on the West Coast Beats and what has usually been referred to as the San Francisco Renaissance, among which Snyder stands as an important poet with a lasting influence, and as of this writing, one of the only members of the Beat Generation still alive today. We will also take a look at some of the major Transcendentalist writers, such as Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson and John Muir (who had a strong influence on Welch’s life and writings, who is the focus of Ecospirituality II). These ‘guest writers’ will sometimes be brought into classes and discussed both separately, and in relation to their influence over Snyder’s work and life. The second half of the class will focus on a brief overview of Gary Snyder’s life and career and introduce students to his major works of prose and poetry, which we will read over the course of the semester. Each of the 4 assignments will also be concisely explained as well as the methods of evaluation for each respective one. If time permits, short videos by or on Snyder discussing his life, his travels to Japan, or his major Environmental or spiritual interests will be shared with students. |
| 2 | Lesson 2 – North Beach – Smokey the Bear Sutra pp. 3-31 In Lesson 2, and in most classes throughout the term, we will focus on about 4 different essays taken from the textbook, A Place in Space. Students will be divided into one of 4 groups and each group will focus their discussion upon one of these essays each week. A couple of the essays this week focus upon the Beat Generation and San Francisco Renaissance, which we already discussed briefly in Lesson 1. Assignment #1 (about Snyder’s essay “Four Changes” (pp. 32-46)) will also be distributed in this class or sent out by email – this is also one of the essays one of the groups will discuss in Lesson 3. Students will also be informed of the deadline for Assignment #1 in this class. |
| 3 | Lesson 3 – Four Changes – Energy is Eternal Delight pp. 32-55 In Lesson 3, students will once again discuss one of 4 different essays assigned to them in their groups (same groups as last time). Three of the essays will be taken from A Place in Space. The fourth essay that one group will focus on is Ralph Waldo Emerson’s important work called “Nature.” Emerson is the first of our ‘guest writers’ for this course. Students will discuss this essay and compare it with some of the ideas mentioned in Snyder’s own essays. |
| 4 | Lesson 4 – Earth Day – A Village Council of All Beings pp. 56-84 In Lesson 4, we will focus on the last three essays from the first part of our textbook on “Ethics”, to discuss Snyder’s various ecological concerns and their lasting relevance and importance today against the backdrop of the current environmental crisis. We will focus on another ‘guest writer’, Henry David Thoreau, whose timeless classic, Walden is one of the most well-loved and well-known classics of nature writing. We will discuss some excerpts of his diary, I To Myself in this lesson and explore some possible points in common between Transcendentalists such as Thoreau and Beat writers such as Snyder. |
| 5 | Lesson 5 – Goddess of Mountains & Rivers – The Old Masters pp. 85-109 In Lesson 5, we will start a new section of the textbook called “Aesthetics.” If ready, Assignment #2 will also be distributed and briefly explained. In this class, we will focus on a different aspect of Snyder’s concerns, namely, his interest in ancient Chinese poetry. We will also briefly discuss the influence of Ezra Pound (the ‘guest writer’ for this week) on Snyder’s views on Chinese poetry, modernism and translation. |
| 6 | Lesson 6 – A Single Breath – The Politics of Ethnopoetics pp. 109-147 In Lesson 6, probably the heaviest amount of weekly reading for the term, we will take a look at the next four essays from A Place in Space. In this unit, we will continue to look at Snyder’s ecological concerns and discuss his ideas about watershed communities, bioregionalism and embracing alternative energy sources among other matters. |
| 7 | Lesson 7 – Coyote – Language Goes Two Ways pp. 148-180 In Lesson 7, we have reached the halfway point of the course. In this lesson, we will read the final three essays of the “Aesthetics” section of the textbook. The fourth essay will be based on a chapter from John Muir’s classic, Mountains of California, which Snyder refers to in his classic poetic epic, Mountains and Rivers Without End. |
| 8 | Lesson 8 – Reinhabitation – The Forest in the Library pp. 183-204 In Lesson 8, we will begin the third and final section of Snyder’s book. This section is called “Watersheds” and is a key term to understand in relation to his concern with bioregionalism and future modes of living. Students will read and discuss the first three essays of this section this week. The first essay on reinhabitation is one of the most important, as it not only relates to Snyder’s ideas about bioregionalism but shares much in common with ideas espoused by many other Beat poets, such as Lew Welch, as well as Kerouac’s ideas regarding disengaging from urban society and hoboes. We will briefly touch upon the idea of deurbanization (which relates to the core concept of reinhabitation). One essay by John Muir on this topic will also be introduced this week (our continuing ‘guest writer’) to make up the 4th essay. In addition, Students are expected to submit their answers for Assignment #2 by the deadline, which comes up this week. Students will be reminded of penalties for late submissions once again. |
| 9 | Lesson 9 – Exhortations for Baby Tigers – Coming into the Watershed pp. 205-235 In Lesson 9, we will continue reading the next sequence of essays from the “Watersheds” section. As one of the essays this week is on Walt Whitman, we will discuss his poetry and lasting legacy, especially as a major influence on some of the Beat writers, in particular Allen Ginsberg. The third and final assignment for this class (apart from the presentation), will be distributed and explained in this week. |
| 10 | Lesson 10 – Turtle Island – Kitkitdizze pp. 236-263 In Lesson 10, we will read the final section of the textbook, which focuses on just two essays. Two additional essays (discussed back in Lesson 1 by Bartlett and Everson) will be provided in order for the class to revisit some of the origins, aesthetics and aims of the Beat Generation, and also to study about other writers between the Transcendentalists (such as Jeffers and Lawrence) who had some impact on the Beats as well. As presentations are fast approaching (in Lesson 11 and 12), students will be given a reminder to start preparing their scripts and slides if they have not done so already. Students will have the chance to consult their teacher about a possible topic as well. |
| 11 | Lesson 11 – Presentations I In Lessons 11 and 12 students will have a chance to present on ONE of the Beat writers or Transcendentalist writers we have discussed over the course of the semester. It may be one of the Transcendentalist or Modernists writers we discussed in detail in class (such as Emerson, Thoreau, Muir, Pound or Williams), it may be on an influential American poet (such as Walt Whitman) or it may be another Beat writer we discussed in passing (such as Welch, Kerouac, Watts, Whalen, McClure or Ginsberg). Students are asked to prepare a 3-minute presentation (PPT presentations are recommended) and students will be asked a couple of questions at the end of the presentation either by the audience or by the teacher. Depending on the size of the class, we will try to cover at least half to two-thirds of the presentations in this lesson, in order to shore up more time for a comprehensive review of the course contents at the end of Lesson 12, as well as in Lesson 13. |
| 12 | Lesson 12 – Presentations II In Lessons 11 and 12 students will have a chance to present on ONE of the Beat writers or Transcendentalist writers we have discussed over the course of the semester. It may be one of the Transcendentalist or Modernists writers we discussed in detail in class (such as Emerson, Thoreau, Muir, Pound or Williams), it may be on an influential American poet (such as Walt Whitman) or it may be another Beat writer we discussed in passing (such as Welch, Kerouac, Watts, Whalen, McClure or Ginsberg). Students are asked to prepare a 3-minute presentation (PPT presentations are recommended) and students will be asked a couple of questions at the end of the presentation either by the audience or by the teacher. |
| 13 | Lesson 13 – Comprehensive Review This lesson will be devoted to covering the main points and themes throughout the course that we have covered in A Place in Space and the various Snyder-related materials that students have read while completing their assignments, to prepare students for the final examination in Lesson 14. If we run out of time, review questions will be provided either by email or through a video recording shared by the teacher. |
| 14 | Lesson 14 – Final Examination In Lesson 14, students will take their final examination. All parts of the textbook will be covered in the final exam, including some of the supplementary materials used in Assignments 1-3. There will be three sections to the final examination: 1) in the first section students will answer multiple-choice questions (10 pts.); in the second section students will write short answers (10 pts.); 3) in the third section, students will write one essay on topics relating to Snyder’s main environmental concerns covered in A Place in Space or the general topic of Beat or Transcendentalist writing or something related to Ecocriticism in general. |
板書 /Writing on the Board
スライド（パワーポイント等）の使用 /Slides (PowerPoint, etc.)
上記以外の視聴覚教材の使用 /Audiovisual Materials Other than Those Listed Above
個人発表 /Individual Presentations
グループ発表 /Group Presentations
ディスカッション・ディベート /Discussion/Debate
実技・実習・実験 /Practicum/Experiments/Practical Training
学内の教室外施設の利用 /Use of On-Campus Facilities Outside the Classroom
校外実習・フィールドワーク /Field Work
上記いずれも用いない予定 /None of the above
In addition to the weekly reading assignments from the textbook, students will also be encouraged to read and explore other supplementary sources of information. Some of the supplementary reading materials will be provided by the teacher (either photocopies handed out in class or sent by email or uploaded onto a Google Classroom webpage, set up specifically for this course) and extra 'recommended reading' sections will be suggested by the teacher to help students enrich their understanding of the essays, the writer, the field of Ecocriticism, and the course overall. Many of the extra articles on Gary Snyder will be taken from Beat Scene magazine as well as excerpts from the great festschrift on Snyder called Dimensions of a Life as well as from Sidney Dobrin's excellent and recent work called Blue Ecocriticism and the Oceanic Imperative
| 種類 (Kind) | 割合 (%) | 基準 (Criteria) |
|---|---|---|
| 平常点 (In-class Points) | 100 |
Assignment #1 (10%) Assignment #2(10%) Assignment #3(10%) Assignment #4 (Presentation)(10%) In-class participation (30%) 最終テスト(Final Test)(30%) |
| 備考 (Notes) | ||
| No | 著者名 (Author/Editor) | 書籍名 (Title) | 出版社 (Publisher) | 出版年 (Date) | ISBN/ISSN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snyder, Gary | A Place in Space | Counterpoint | 1995 | 1887178023 |
| No | 著者名 (Author/Editor) | 書籍名 (Title) | 出版社 (Publisher) | 出版年 (Date) | ISBN/ISSN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snyder, Gary | The Practice of the Wild | Counterpoint | 2010 | 9781582436388 |
| 2 | Thoreau, Henry David | I To Myself | Yale University Press | 2007 | 9780300111729 |
| 3 | Emerson, Ralph Waldo | Selected Essays | Penguin Classics | 2003 | 9780142437629 |
| 4 | Dobrin, Sidney | Blue Ecocriticism and the Oceanic Imperative | Routledge | 2021 | 9781138315273 |
| 5 | Snyder, Gary | The Real Work | New Directions | 1980 | 9780811207614 |
Students need to have sufficient proficiency in spoken English in order to participate in the lessons of this course, which focus heavily around a group discussion format. In addition, students need to be motivated to not only do the required weekly reading assignments but also search out information by themselves to help them complete their assignments and enrich their knowledge of this field.
It is helpful, although not essential, if students own their own computer / PC or iPad or similar device which they can use when giving presentations (later in the course), for searching for online information and for general note-taking.